Mongolia in December: Weather, Crowds & What to Expect

Ulaanbaatar and the Central Highlands

Deep, dry cold returns in December with long nights and sharp temps frequently below −20°C in the city and colder in the surrounding steppe-this is why Ulaanbaatar is one of the coldest capitals. Outdoor excursions are limited; many travelers use this month for cultural immersion in heated urban hotels and to watch winter life in gers. Carry multiple insulating layers, a face mask for wind protection and expect some services to be reduced outside the capital.

The Gobi Desert and Southern Sands (Dalanzadgad, Khongoryn Els, Bayanzag)

The Gobi’s deep cold returns in December with long, clear nights and daytime sun that offers little warmth; temperatures often sit below −15 to −25°C. Desert winds can be cutting and outdoor activities are limited to brief day trips from heated bases in Dalanzadgad. This is a contemplative time for photographers who prefer solitude-just bring full winter clothing and plan for rigid road conditions.

Western Mongolia and the Altai Mountains (Bayan-Ölgii, Khovd, Altai Tavan Bogd)

December returns to full winter conditions with heavy snow at altitude and subzero temperatures across the western ranges; landscapes are dramatic but travel is restricted. For the adventurous, winter treks and visits to eagle-hunting families are possible with specialist operators; otherwise this is a time for planning spring or summer visits when access improves. Always check for avalanche risk at higher camps and hire experienced local guides.

Lake Khövsgöl and Northern Taiga (Khatgal, Murun, Khovsgol National Park)

December sees Khövsgöl locked in deep winter, with long nights and persistent subzero temperatures-frozen waterfalls and snow-laden pines create an austere scene. Winter road access is limited but the frozen lake allows unusual transport and activities; many operators run scheduled ice-tours and reindeer visits. Pack extreme-cold rated gear, and plan accommodation in advance since choices are limited.

Eastern Steppe and Dornod Grasslands (Choibalsan, Onon River, Mongol Daguur)

December seals the eastern steppe under a hard, dry cold with short daylight and clear skies; daytime sunshine can feel deceptively warm but winds make it feel colder. Wildlife is less visible, but the stark landscape and empty skies have their own appeal for those seeking solitude. Ensure you have cold-rated sleeping gear and reliable, prearranged transport when visiting in midwinter.