Lebanon

Lebanon is a country of coastal cities, mountain villages, and deep cultural roots. Beirut, the capital, pulses with nightlife, art, and resilience, blending old churches, mosques, and modern cafes. Roman ruins rise in Baalbek, while Byblos and Tyre trace some of the world’s oldest settlements. The Chouf Mountains offer cedar forests and traditional towns, and the Bekaa Valley is known for wine and agriculture. Lebanese food is rich and fresh, mezze, grilled meats, and sweets like knefeh fill every table. Despite challenges, Lebanon’s warmth, diversity, and layers of history make it unforgettable.

Lebanon is a country where Roman ruins stand near ski slopes, beaches back up to cedar forests, and a single day might include café-hopping in Beirut, hiking in the Chouf Mountains, and watching the sunset from a Mediterranean village. Most travelers start in Beirut, a city that’s been rebuilt and reinvented many times. It’s chaotic, creative, and full of contradictions, elegant ruins sit next to bomb-scarred buildings, and the nightlife hums even when everything else feels uncertain. Beyond Beirut, you’ll find the ancient port of Byblos, Roman temples in Baalbek, Ottoman villages like Deir el Qamar, and hiking trails through Qadisha Valley. Lebanon is small enough to explore quickly, but dense with culture, history, and complexity.

Lebanon is moderately priced, though it can swing depending on the economic situation. You’ll find hostels, budget hotels, and guesthouses in most tourist areas, with boutique stays and luxury hotels in places like Beirut and the coast. Food is a huge part of the experience, mezze, kibbeh, fattoush, manakish, and tabbouleh are staples, and eating out is still relatively affordable, even at mid-range places. Alcohol is widely available, Lebanon has a thriving wine scene and an after-dark culture that rivals any in the region.

Getting around Lebanon is doable, but not always convenient. Shared taxis (service) and buses run between cities, but they’re informal and inconsistent. Most travelers use taxis, ride-hailing apps, or rent a car, though traffic in Beirut is wild, and road signage outside cities can be spotty. Arabic is the official language, but French and English are widely spoken. Lebanon is generally safe for tourists, though political and economic instability can create flare-ups. It’s smart to check the news and avoid protests or sensitive areas, especially near the southern border or certain neighborhoods in Beirut.

Why Go to Lebanon?

• Beirut’s Urban Chaos & Culture: Explore Beirut, from the National Museum to Gemmayzeh’s bars, street art, and coastal Corniche.
• Baalbek’s Roman Temples: Visit the towering ruins of Baalbek, some of the most impressive Roman architecture outside Italy.
• Byblos & the Coast: Wander Byblos, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities, with its Crusader castle, old souks, and seafront restaurants.
• Qadisha Valley & Cedars of God: Hike through the sacred Qadisha Valley and see the ancient Cedars of Lebanon, symbols of national pride.
• Wine Country & Food Culture: Tour vineyards in the Bekaa Valley, sip Arak, and feast on endless mezze, Lebanese cuisine is worth the trip alone.
• Chouf Mountains & Ottoman Villages: Escape the summer heat in the Chouf, dotted with palaces, forests, and historic towns like Deir el Qamar.
• Multi-Season Experiences: Ski in the morning in Faraya and swim in the Mediterranean by afternoon, Lebanon packs it all in.

Start in Beirut, the capital and cultural center. It’s a city that defies categories, part European, part Middle Eastern, stylish and scarred at the same time. Stroll the Corniche, stop for mezze in Hamra or Gemmayzeh, and explore the National Museum of Beirut, where ancient sarcophagi sit next to bullet-scarred walls. The downtown area, once destroyed, is now sleek and walkable, though its renovation hasn’t come without controversy.

Just north of Beirut, visit Byblos (Jbeil), one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Wander through Phoenician ruins, Crusader castles, and narrow stone alleyways lined with seafood restaurants and craft shops. You can see layers of history without leaving town. The harbor’s still there, much as it was thousands of years ago.

Head inland to Baalbek, home to some of the most impressive Roman ruins anywhere, not just in the Middle East. The Temple of Bacchus and Temple of Jupiter are massive, detailed, and remarkably intact. It’s surreal that something this grand sits mostly empty. Baalbek is in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon’s wine country, yes, there’s a wine scene here. Stop at Château Ksara or Château Kefraya for a tasting.

Up in the mountains, Bsharri is a good base to explore the Qadisha Valley, a gorge full of ancient monasteries and dramatic trails. It’s also the hometown of Kahlil Gibran, whose museum is worth a visit. Nearby, walk among the legendary Cedars of God, a small but sacred forest of Lebanon’s iconic trees.

Down south, Tyre (Sour) offers golden beaches and more Roman ruins, this time right on the sea. You’ll find a hippodrome, colonnaded streets, and a laid-back vibe. On the way, stop at Sidon (Saida) for its old souq, Sea Castle, and bustling street life.

If you’re up for hiking or skiing, Faraya-Mzaar in winter or Tannourine in summer give you Lebanon’s outdoor side. The Baatara Gorge Waterfall, which drops through a limestone cave, is one of the most striking natural spots in the country.

Highlights

• Baalbek – Towering Roman temples in near-perfect condition, right in the heart of the Bekaa Valley.
• Beirut – A city of contrasts, culture, nightlife, ruins, and raw beauty.
• Byblos – One of the oldest cities in the world, where you can walk from Phoenician ruins to the Mediterranean in minutes.
• Qadisha Valley – A UNESCO-listed gorge with monasteries carved into cliffs.
• Cedars of God – Ancient cedar trees, iconic in Lebanese history and national identity.

Top Cities & Towns

• Beirut – Lebanon’s capital, with culture, chaos, cafés, and a thousand stories.
• Byblos – Historic, walkable, and romantic, with ruins, a port, and great seafood.
• Baalbek – A small town with some of the largest and most impressive Roman structures anywhere.
• Sidon – A southern port with a medieval vibe and lively souqs.
• Tyre – A laid-back beach town with UNESCO-listed ruins and long stretches of sand.

Nature & Outdoor Adventure

• Qadisha Valley – Hike through ancient Christian monasteries and dramatic mountain scenery.
• Cedars of God – Walk among Lebanon’s iconic trees, some believed to be over a thousand years old.
• Baatara Gorge Waterfall – A seasonal waterfall dropping through a triple-arch cave.
• Faraya-Mzaar – Lebanon’s main ski resort in winter, also good for mountain escapes in summer.
• Tannourine Cedars Reserve – Quieter than the main cedar sites, with hiking trails and forested ridges.

Historical & Cultural Sites

• Baalbek Temples – Massive Roman ruins dedicated to Jupiter, Bacchus, and Venus.
• Byblos Citadel and Port – Crusader castles and Phoenician layers stacked on the Mediterranean coast.
• National Museum of Beirut – Artifacts from Lebanon’s long history, from Bronze Age to Byzantine.
• Sidon Sea Castle – A Crusader fortress rising from the harbor.
• Gibran Museum (Bsharri) – A tribute to the poet-philosopher in his hometown, overlooking the valley.

Unique Experiences

• Walk the Corniche in Beirut – Watch the sun set over the Mediterranean with fishermen and families.
• Sip wine in the Bekaa – Visit Lebanese vineyards and taste wines with ancient roots.
• Hike the Qadisha Trail – Trek past caves, monasteries, and rivers far below the noise of the cities.
• Swim in Tyre’s ruins – Float next to Roman columns poking out of the water.
• Eat in a mountain village – Try fresh tabbouleh and kibbeh with views over valleys and olive groves.

In the capital, Beirut, visitors can explore the city’s dynamic energy, where modern high-rises stand alongside Ottoman-era buildings and ancient ruins. The National Museum of Beirut showcases Lebanon’s archaeological treasures, including artifacts from ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Byzantine times. The lively neighborhoods of Hamra and Gemayzeh offer a mix of cafes, galleries, and bars, while the Corniche promenade along the Mediterranean provides spectacular sunset views.

Beyond Beirut, Lebanon’s natural beauty and ancient sites beckon. The Roman ruins of Baalbek, a UNESCO World Heritage site, are among the most impressive in the world, with colossal temples dedicated to Jupiter, Bacchus, and Venus. The ancient city of Byblos, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, offers a maze of cobbled streets, medieval castles, and Phoenician ruins. In the north, the stunning Qadisha Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is home to monasteries carved into the cliffs, while the Chouf Mountains provide hiking opportunities and scenic views of cedar forests, such as the Cedar of God, a symbol of Lebanon’s natural heritage.

Don’t Miss Activities

Explore the Ruins of Baalbek: One of the most impressive Roman temple complexes in the world, Baalbek is home to the massive Temple of Jupiter and intricate carvings unmatched in the region.

Walk the Streets of Beirut: Lebanon’s capital is a blend of cultures, history, and nightlife , from the Corniche and Hamra to the National Museum and hip neighborhoods like Mar Mikhaël.

Hike the Qadisha Valley: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this dramatic gorge is dotted with monasteries, hermitages, and hiking trails through cedar forests and rugged cliffs.

Relax in Byblos (Jbeil): One of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, Byblos offers Phoenician ruins, a Crusader castle, lively souks, and seaside dining.

Visit the Jeita Grotto: An otherworldly cave system near Jounieh with soaring chambers, stalactites, and an underground river , accessible via walkways and boat.

Tour the Cedars of God: These ancient, towering trees in Bsharri are symbols of Lebanon and mentioned in the Bible , some over 1,000 years old.

Ski and Swim in One Day: In winter, you can ski in the morning at Mzaar Kfardebian and swim in the Mediterranean by afternoon , a unique Lebanese experience.

Land Activities

Hiking & Trekking: Excellent trails in the Qadisha Valley, Tannourine, and Chouf Reserve. The Lebanon Mountain Trail is a long-distance highlight.

Rock Climbing: Tannourine and Faqra have limestone cliffs with bolted routes. Climbing culture is growing, with guided options and beginner-friendly spots.

Caving / Spelunking: Jeita Grotto is the crown jewel, but smaller caves like Rweiss and Akoura offer guided adventure caving.

Bicycle Touring: Scenic routes along the coast and in the Bekaa Valley. Traffic can be intense near Beirut, but rural riding is enjoyable.

Motorcycle Touring: Winding mountain roads, Mediterranean views, and historic towns make for great weekend rides.

Wildlife Safari / Bird Watching: Bird migration through the Bekaa Valley and nature reserves like Aammiq Wetlands attract ornithologists, though limited infrastructure.

Water Activities

Scuba Diving: Dive wrecks, reefs, and underwater archaeological sites near Batroun and Tyre. Visibility varies but marine life is diverse.

Snorkeling: Calm Mediterranean waters offer good visibility in Chekka, Tyre, and Batroun. Rocky coves and shallow reefs are common.

Fishing: Mostly recreational, with fishing charters out of Beirut or Tripoli. Shore fishing is also popular.

Kayaking / Canoeing: Paddle on the Litani River, Lake Qaraoun, or coastal areas. Some adventure tour companies offer guided trips.

White Water Rafting: Seasonal rafting available on the Assi River in the north. Rapids are mild to moderate.

Wind Surfing: Practiced occasionally along the coast but niche and with limited rentals or instruction.

Surfing: Rare small swells near Jiieh and Ramlet el Baida in Beirut. Not a developed surf scene.

Leisure & Lifestyle

Shopping: Beirut offers everything from luxury malls to antique souks. Art, jewelry, fashion, and crafts are standout items.

Nightlife & Partying: Despite challenges, Beirut remains a nightlife hotspot , rooftop bars, live music, and all-night clubs in Mar Mikhaël and Gemmayzeh.

Spa Treatments: Spas and wellness centers in Beirut and mountain resorts offer hammams, massages, and holistic therapies.

Cooking Classes: Learn to make mezze, kibbeh, tabbouleh, and Lebanese desserts in Beirut or through rural homestays.

Weddings / Honeymoons: Lebanon is known for lavish weddings. Venues in mountain villages, coastal resorts, and historic mansions are popular.

Wellness, Spas & Yoga: Yoga retreats in the Chouf and wellness centers in the city are growing in popularity.

Golfing: Golf Club of Lebanon in Beirut is the main option. Niche sport with limited courses.

Winter Activities

Skiing / Snowboarding: Resorts like Mzaar Kfardebian, Laqlouq, and The Cedars offer quality skiing with sea views and a vibrant après-ski culture.

Snowshoeing & Cross-Country Skiing: Trails in the Cedars and Qammouaa forests are ideal for peaceful winter trekking.

Cultural Experiences

Visit UNESCO Sites like Baalbek and Byblos: These ancient cities reflect layers of civilization , Phoenician, Roman, Crusader , in stone and story.

Explore Beirut’s Cultural Revival: Art galleries, museums, and live music scenes in Beirut showcase Lebanon’s creative spirit despite its challenges.

Join a Rural Homestay or Guesthouse Experience: Stay in eco-lodges or family-run guesthouses in the Chouf, Qadisha, or Bekaa , with local food and traditions.

Take Part in Religious Festivals: Christmas and Easter in Christian areas, Ramadan and Eid in Muslim towns , festivals often involve food, lights, and community.

Visit Local Wineries: Lebanon has a long winemaking tradition. Tours and tastings are available in Ksara, Kefraya, and Batroun.

Tour the National Museum of Beirut: This landmark museum offers a comprehensive overview of Lebanese archaeology and ancient art.

See Traditional Lebanese Dance or Music Performances: Dabke dance and oud music are performed at festivals, weddings, and cultural centers.

Unique

Ski and Swim in the Same Day: Few countries offer this , hit the slopes in the morning and the beach in the afternoon in spring months.

Tour Cave Churches and Cliff Monasteries: The Qadisha Valley is dotted with ancient Christian sites carved into cliffs , some still active.

See the Cedars of Lebanon: These iconic trees are national symbols, found in forests like Bsharri, Barouk, and Tannourine.

Ride the Teleferique to Harissa: Take a cable car from Jounieh to the hilltop shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon, with sweeping views of the coast.

Visit Souks and Artisan Villages: Handmade soap in Saida, glassblowing in Sarafand, or silk weaving in Zouk Mikael , Lebanon’s craft traditions are alive and well.

Watch Sunset Over the Mediterranean: From rooftop bars in Beirut to cliffside cafes in Batroun, Lebanon’s coast offers epic views.

Feast on a Traditional Lebanese Mezze Spread: A cultural experience in itself , dozens of small dishes, from hummus and moutabbal to grilled meats and pickles.

Courses & Learning

Arabic Language Classes: Offered in Beirut, Tripoli, and Saida , often through universities or language schools with cultural immersion components.

Cooking Workshops in Traditional Cuisine: Available in Beirut or as part of village stays , hands-on lessons in preparing authentic Lebanese dishes.

Wine and Arak Tasting Experiences: Winery tours in the Bekaa Valley often include education on local grapes, distillation, and food pairings.

Photography Tours: Capture mountain villages, archaeological ruins, and street life in Beirut on guided workshops or self-guided itineraries.

Music and Dabke Dance Classes: Cultural centers in Beirut and university programs offer instruction in traditional music and folk dance.

Art and Calligraphy Workshops: Learn Arabic calligraphy, mosaic art, or ceramics through artist-led programs in Beirut or mountain villages.

Volunteer and Cultural Exchange Programs: NGOs and social enterprises offer programs focused on education, environment, and refugee support.

Beirut is where most travelers arrive by air, but there are no internal flights. It only takes about 3 hours to cross the country by car. Intercity buses are cheap and efficient, while shared taxis run on set routes. Public bus services are provided in Beirut, although service taxis are still the most widely used option.

Lebanon is a small country, but its rugged terrain and chaotic traffic can make travel slower than you’d expect. There’s no train system, and public transport is informal at best. Most people get around using shared taxis (service cars), minibuses, or private drivers. Car rental offers flexibility, especially if you’re exploring beyond Beirut. Ride-sharing apps like Uber and Bolt are common in the capital but rare elsewhere.

Train

Lebanon hasn’t had a functioning passenger rail system since the civil war. The old stations and tracks are abandoned, and while there are periodic plans to revive rail travel, there are no active lines today.

Bus

Lebanon’s bus system is informal but extensive. The buses are mostly private minibuses that operate along fixed routes but don’t run on a fixed schedule, they leave when full.

• Beirut to Tripoli (1.5–2 hours): A common route along the coast to the country’s second-largest city.
• Beirut to Byblos or Jounieh (45 minutes to 1 hour): A scenic coastal trip north of the capital.
• Beirut to Baalbek (2–3 hours): A route heading into the Beqaa Valley, popular for visiting ancient Roman ruins.

You’ll need to flag minibuses from the roadside or go to hubs like Charles Helou or Cola bus stations in Beirut. Fares are cheap, but buses can be cramped and are sometimes hard to navigate without Arabic or French.

Car Rental

Renting a car is a great way to see Lebanon, especially if you want to explore the mountains, vineyards, or Beqaa Valley. Roads are generally in good shape, though signage can be inconsistent.

• Drive from Beirut to the Chouf Mountains for villages like Deir al-Qamar and Beiteddine Palace.
• Explore the Qadisha Valley and Cedars of God at your own pace.
• Coastal drives between Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos are scenic and fast.

Parking in Beirut is tough, and traffic is aggressive, so many travelers only rent cars for day trips or routes outside the capital.

Ride Share

Uber and Bolt are available in Beirut and are safer and easier than hailing a cab on the street.

• Uber works well for getting to and from the airport or around neighborhoods.
• Bolt is often a bit cheaper and includes local taxi drivers who use the app.

Outside of Beirut, these services are unreliable or nonexistent. For trips between cities, consider a private driver or a service taxi.

Ferries & Boats

There are no ferry services operating between Lebanese cities or internationally. Some coastal towns like Jounieh, Byblos, and Tyre offer private boat rides or fishing trips, but they’re not practical transport options.

• Beirut marina boat tours exist for leisure, not transport.
• No ferries to Cyprus or neighboring countries due to political and security reasons.

Air

Lebanon has only one international airport: Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY). There are no domestic flights, and given the country’s small size, none are needed.

Taxis

Taxis come in two main forms: regular private taxis and service (shared) taxis, known locally as “servees.”

• Servees taxis run shared routes, just flag one down and say your destination. If the driver agrees, you share the ride with others.
• Private taxis cost more and often try to negotiate fares. Meters are rarely used.

Always confirm whether it’s a servees or private fare before getting in. Foreigners are often quoted higher prices, so ask locals what the fare should be or use Uber instead.

Public Transport in Cities

Beirut doesn’t have a metro or tram system, and public transport is largely limited to minibuses, vans, and servees taxis.

• Minibuses cover most of the city, especially along the Corniche and major roads.
• Shared taxis are fast and common, though it helps to speak a little Arabic or French to navigate the system.

There’s no formal schedule or map, locals know the routes, so don’t hesitate to ask.

The political situation remains volatile and rallies and demonstrations are frequent and sometimes turn violent. It’s a good idea to seek up-to-date information before traveling. Stick to bottled water. Typhoid occurs in rural areas. Lebanese hospitals and doctors are world-class, but make sure you have adequate insurance.

Lebanon is a beautiful country, but it also faces significant safety concerns due to ongoing political instability, conflict, and regional tensions. While many areas, particularly in Beirut and other major cities, are relatively safe for tourists, there are certain regions and situations that pose considerable risks. Petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching is uncommon, but can occur in crowded tourist spots and public transport hubs, especially in Beirut. Violent crime is rare, but travelers should remain cautious and stay updated on the security situation.

Health risks in Lebanon are moderate. Tap water in Beirut and other major cities is generally not considered safe to drink, so bottled or boiled water is recommended. Foodborne illnesses can occur, especially when eating at street food stalls or from less-regulated establishments. The healthcare system is adequate in urban areas with modern hospitals and clinics, but facilities in rural areas can be limited. Medical evacuation insurance is highly recommended, especially for those traveling outside of cities or engaging in outdoor activities.

Scams & Petty Crime: Petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching can occasionally occur in tourist-heavy areas like Beirut, Sidon, and Byblos, particularly in crowded spaces such as markets, bus stations, and popular attractions. While violent crime is rare, scams targeting tourists, such as inflated taxi fares or unofficial tour guides, can be more common. Travelers should use reputable services, secure their valuables, and avoid displaying large amounts of cash or expensive items.

Political Unrest: Lebanon has experienced political instability, with occasional protests, demonstrations, and civil unrest. These events can lead to road closures, traffic disruptions, and sometimes violence. While protests are typically peaceful, they can escalate unexpectedly, so travelers should avoid large gatherings and monitor local news. There are also security risks in border regions near Syria, so travelers should avoid these areas.

Diseases: Foodborne illnesses, such as hepatitis A and typhoid, are common due to inconsistent hygiene practices in certain areas. Tap water is not safe to drink, and travelers should use bottled or purified water. Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and leishmaniasis are present in some regions, so it’s advisable to use insect repellent when spending time outdoors, particularly in rural or forested areas.

Health Facilities: Lebanon has a relatively good healthcare system, with modern hospitals and clinics in cities like Beirut and Tripoli. The facilities in rural areas may not be up to international standards. For serious medical issues, evacuation to neighboring countries such as Cyprus or Turkey may be required. It’s important for travelers to have comprehensive travel insurance, including coverage for medical emergencies and evacuation.

Road Conditions: Roads in Lebanon can be in poor condition, particularly in rural or mountainous areas. While major highways and roads in cities are generally in good shape, smaller roads may be poorly lit or unpaved. Driving standards can be erratic, and traffic congestion is common, especially in Beirut. Public transport is available but not always reliable, so taxis or rental cars are often the best option for getting around.

Food & Water: Tap water is not safe to drink in Lebanon, and travelers should always use bottled or boiled water. Food hygiene is generally good in reputable restaurants, but street food and food from less-regulated sources should be approached with caution. Always choose freshly prepared meals and avoid raw or undercooked food to minimize the risk of foodborne illness.

Nature’s Fury: Lebanon is not prone to major natural disasters, but the country can experience severe weather, including floods and earthquakes. The region is seismically active, and small earthquakes can occur. Additionally, during the winter months, heavy snowfall can disrupt travel, especially in mountainous areas. Travelers should stay informed about weather conditions, particularly if traveling to higher altitudes.

Embassies and Consulates

For visa applications, consular services, and official information, travelers can contact the following embassies and consulates of Lebanon:

• Embassy of Lebanon in the United States – Washington, D.C.
• Embassy of Lebanon in the United Kingdom – London
• Embassy of Lebanon in Canada – Ottawa, Ontario
• Embassy of Lebanon in Australia – Canberra
• Embassy of Lebanon in New Zealand – Wellington

Government Safety Advisories

• U.S. Department of State - Lebanon Travel Advisory
• Government of Canada - Travel Advice and Advisories for Lebanon
• UK Foreign Travel Advice - Lebanon
• Australia Smartraveller - Lebanon
• New Zealand SafeTravel - Lebanon

Blogs and Forums

These platforms provide insights into traveling, living, and working in Lebanon:

• Reddit: r/Lebanon – A community for discussions about Lebanon, including travel experiences, cultural insights, and current events.
• TripAdvisor: Lebanon Travel Forum – A forum where travelers share their experiences, ask questions, and provide advice about visiting Lebanon.

YouTube Channels & Videos

Explore Lebanon through these travel vlogs and documentaries:

• Indigo Traveller - Lebanon – A travel vlog offering insights into Lebanon’s culture, travel tips, and must-see destinations.
• Drew Binsky - Lebanon – A travel vlog providing a unique perspective on traveling through Lebanon.

Instagram Feeds

These Instagram accounts highlight Lebanon’s landscapes, culture, and urban life:

• @visitlebanon – An account showcasing the beauty and diversity of Lebanon.
• @lebanon.travel – Features stunning photos of Lebanon’s cityscapes and cultural heritage.

Newspapers

Stay updated with Lebanon’s latest news through these newspapers:

• The Daily Star – An English-language newspaper providing national and international news related to Lebanon.
• Lebanon24 – Offers news coverage on current events, politics, and society in Lebanon.

Other Useful Websites

• Government of Lebanon – Official portal providing information about Lebanon’s government, services, and news.
• Lebanese Ministry of Tourism – Offers travel information, guides, and resources.
• Middle East Airlines – National airline providing flight information and booking services.
• Beirut International Airport – Official website for Beirut’s main international airport.

Travel Guides

These websites offer detailed travel guides for Lebanon:

• Lonely Planet - Lebanon
• Frommer’s - Lebanon
• Fodor’s - Lebanon
• Wikivoyage - Lebanon