Sardis

Sardis is an archaeological site near the modern village of Sart in Manisa Province, Turkey, that was the capital of ancient Lydia. It became a major city in the first millennium BCE and continued as an important Hellenistic and Roman urban centre.

Excavated remains include the Temple of Artemis, a large gymnasium and bath complex, a well-preserved synagogue and elements of the Lydian acropolis and commercial district. The site shows successive layers of occupation from the Iron Age through the Byzantine period.

Sardis served as the Lydian royal capital in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE and later came under Persian, Hellenistic and Roman control; it prospered as a regional administrative and economic centre in antiquity. Systematic archaeological work by international teams began in the 20th century and continues with conservation projects.

The ruins sit inland in western Anatolia near the modern town of Salihli in Manisa Province, approximately a short drive from regional highways that connect the site to Izmir and other Aegean cities.

• Historical significance: Sardis was the capital of the ancient Lydian kingdom and the realm of King Croesus in the 7th-6th centuries BCE, later becoming an important Hellenistic and Roman city.
• Excavations: Large-scale excavations at Sardis have been conducted by American teams since the mid-20th century, producing extensive published archaeological work and onsite conservation.

What to See #

• Temple of Artemis: The Temple of Artemis area preserves the remains of a large Ionic temple that dates to the Classical and Hellenistic periods, visible as ruined foundations and column fragments.
• Gymnasium and baths: The gymnasium and Roman-era baths are extensive excavated complexes showing Roman urban planning and monumental public architecture from the 3rd century BCE through the Roman period.
• Synagogue: The ancient synagogue complex contains mosaics and architecture from the later Roman and Byzantine periods and is among the better-preserved synagogue remains in Anatolia.