Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape

Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape is an archaeological property in western Turkey centred on the ancient city of Pergamon and its surrounding cultural terrain. The site preserves monumental remains and a landscape showing successive periods of occupation.

The acropolis contains prominent Hellenistic and Roman architectural remains including terraces, temples and public buildings arranged on a steep hillside. The broader landscape includes lower-lying urban remains, necropoleis and areas of agricultural and sacred use that reflect long-term settlement.

Key features present the territorial reach of the ancient city and the way monumental architecture was adapted to steep topography, with terraces and retaining structures creating a multi-layered urban form. The site illustrates urban planning and religious, medical and civic functions in antiquity.

Pergamon rose as a major Hellenistic centre and later continued in Roman times; successive phases of building added temples, theatres and public complexes. Over centuries the city expanded and adapted its architecture to the hillside, leaving a dense record of classical urbanism.

The archaeological remains are located near the modern town of Bergama in İzmir Province in western Turkey, situated on a steep limestone promontory above the surrounding plain.

• Acropolis location: The ancient acropolis sits above the modern town of Bergama and contains layered remains from Hellenistic and Roman periods that are visible on the hillside.