Panama Canal

Panama Canal is an artificial waterway across the Isthmus of Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; the modern canal was completed and opened in 1914. It uses a system of locks and a man-made lake to lift and lower ships across the continental divide.

Key features include lock complexes at Miraflores, Pedro Miguel and Gatun, the man-made Gatun Lake that forms the central crossing, and busy approach channels on both coasts. The canal handles thousands of transits per year and the 2016 expansion added a new set of locks capable of accommodating much larger vessels, increasing capacity and altering global shipping routes.

Initial large-scale construction was begun by a French company in the 1880s but the project failed; the United States took over construction in 1904 and completed the canal in 1914. Control of the canal passed to Panama in stages and full Panamanian control began in 1999; operations have continued to modernize and expand since then.

The canal runs roughly west-east across the narrowest part of Panama. Major Atlantic-side port and lock facilities sit near Colón, while Pacific-side approaches and locks are near Balboa and Panama City; the waterway crosses hilly tropical terrain and includes the large Gatun Lake interrupting the canal’s course.

• Length and elevation: The canal's original transit length is about 82 kilometres (50 miles) and the lock systems raise ships roughly 26 metres above sea level to cross Gatun Lake.
• 2016 expansion: A major expansion with a new set of locks opened in 2016, allowing larger 'Neopanamax' ships to transit the waterway.

What to See #

• Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks: A lock complex on the Pacific side including visitor platforms where you can watch ships raised and lowered by the Miraflores and Pedro Miguel lock chambers.
• Gatun Locks and Gatun Lake: A lake formed by the Gatun Dam on the Atlantic side; the Gatun Locks lift ships from the lake to sea level and the area includes viewpoints and port facilities.
• Panama Canal Museum / Miraflores Visitor Center: A museum and visitor centre located at Miraflores that explains canal history, construction and present operations and has observation terraces for ship-watching.