Ngorongoro Crater

Ngorongoro Crater is a large volcanic caldera in northern Tanzania within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, noted for its enclosed ecosystem and exceptionally high density of wildlife. The crater floor supports a mix of grassland, woodland and seasonal lakes that attract grazing animals and predators.

Game-viewing often concentrates on the crater floor where lions, elephants, black rhino, wildebeest, zebra and many bird species can be seen in relatively small areas. The caldera rim provides panoramic viewpoints used by tour operators for photographic and observational stops.

The crater formed when a large volcano collapsed and subsided, creating the current caldera structure millions of years ago; subsequent ecological and human history led to its current status as a conservation landscape. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area is managed to balance wildlife conservation with pastoralist Maasai land use and regulated tourism.

Ngorongoro sits in northern Tanzania west of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley, within driving distance of the regional centre of Arusha and on a route commonly combined with visits to the Serengeti and Lake Manyara regions.

• Size and form: The caldera is roughly 19 kilometres across with a rim-to-floor depth of approximately 600 to 700 metres, creating a self-contained ecosystem with high wildlife density.
• Human presence and management: Maasai pastoralists live on the highlands and rim areas; conservation rules regulate grazing and tourism within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

What to See #

• Crater floor: The crater floor, a relatively flat caldera basin where vegetation, lakes and high concentrations of wildlife congregate for grazing and water access.
• Rim and lookouts: The crater rim and overlooks that provide views into the caldera and access points for game drives and guided visits, with several vantage points used for wildlife observation.