Mexican Plateau

The Mexican Plateau, also called the Mexican Altiplano, is an extensive highland region that covers much of northern and central Mexico and lies between the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental. It is a major physiographic province with significant influence on Mexico’s climate, settlement and economy.

The plateau is divided into northern and southern sections with contrasting environments: an arid to semi-arid high plain in the north and a more broken, agriculturally used central plateau with intermontane basins. Cities, irrigated valleys and mining regions are concentrated on the plateau where elevation moderates temperature compared with lowland coasts.

The plateau’s geological formation reflects long-term tectonic uplift and volcanic activity; terraces, basins and lava plateaus have shaped human settlement patterns for centuries. Indigenous civilizations and later colonial settlements established key urban centres on the plateau because of its relatively temperate climate and arable land.

Geographically the plateau extends across multiple Mexican states, forming the central spine of the country and bounded on both sides by the major Sierra Madre mountain chains.

• Elevation and climate: Elevations across the plateau typically range from about 1,000 to 2,500 metres, producing a cooler, drier climate than Mexico's coastal lowlands and supporting distinct highland ecosystems.
• Economic significance: The plateau hosts major Mexican cities, extensive agricultural zones and important mineral deposits, and it forms the backbone of the country's central economic region.

What to See #

• Mesa del Norte: The Mesa del Norte (Northern Plateau) occupies the higher, more arid uplands and transitions to the Chihuahua and Sonoran deserts in the northwestern sector.
• Mesa Central: The Mesa Central (Central Plateau) is lower and more agriculturally productive, lying between the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental and containing numerous valleys and basins used for farming and cities.