Kathmandu Durbar Square

Kathmandu Durbar Square is the historic royal palace complex in central Kathmandu, Nepal, and a core component of the Kathmandu Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site (inscribed 1979).

A dense ensemble of palaces, courtyards and temples occupies the square; the site includes the former royal palace (Hanuman Dhoka), the residence of the living goddess (Kumari Ghar), the large timber pavilion Kasthamandap and dozens of smaller shrines and bahals. The complex contains many multi-storey temples and richly carved wood and stonework that draw both pilgrims and international visitors.

Most major monuments were erected or enlarged during the medieval Malla period and later modified by succeeding rulers; the palace complex served as the seat of local rulers and later functioned in ceremonies for the Shah kings and the city administration. The site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979 and suffered extensive damage during the April 2015 earthquake, after which restoration efforts have been ongoing.

The square sits in Kathmandu’s old city, in the Basantapur area near Thamel and the western bank of the Bagmati River. It is in the historic city centre roughly 5-7 km northwest of Tribhuvan International Airport and within easy walking distance of other central heritage sites.

• Best time to visit: Early morning is best for photography and to avoid crowds, while major festivals like Indra Jatra bring large public processions and much higher visitor numbers.
• Conservation status: Many monuments were damaged in the April 2015 earthquake and some structures remain under conservation or reconstruction, so appearances and access can change over time.

What to See #

• Hanuman Dhoka Palace: The central royal palace complex that served as the seat of Nepalese rulers for centuries; contains the main courtyard used for coronations and public ceremonies and is commonly called Hanuman Dhoka.
• Kasthamandap: A multi-tiered timber pavilion traditionally dated to the medieval period and long held in local memory as constructed from a single tree; badly damaged in the 2015 earthquake and subject to restoration work.
• Kumari Ghar (Living Goddess residence): The residence of the Kumari, the living goddess, located within the square and still used for religious ceremonies and public appearances.
• Taleju Temple: A prominent temple complex close to the palace area that is one of the tallest stone temples in the square and is the focus of certain traditional rites; public access is restricted at times for rituals.