Ipet-Sut

Ipet-Sut is the ancient Egyptian name commonly used for the temple complex at Karnak on the east bank of the Nile at Luxor, Egypt; it is the principal cult complex of Amun-Re and one of the largest religious complexes ever built. Construction and decoration span many centuries, making the site an extensive archaeological ensemble rather than a single monument.

The complex contains monumental pylons, obelisks, colossal statues, the Great Hypostyle Hall and large temple precincts covering a vast ceremonial area; the hypostyle hall alone has 134 columns and reaches heights of around 21 metres in the central aisles. The site also includes the Sacred Lake, precincts to other deities such as Mut and Montu, and the ceremonial Avenue of Sphinxes linking Karnak and Luxor Temple.

Karnak developed over more than a millennium. Major building phases began in the Middle Kingdom and continued through the New Kingdom, Third Intermediate, Late, Ptolemaic and Roman periods; notable royal patrons include pharaohs such as Senusret I, Hatshepsut, Tuthmosis III and Ramses II. The complex functioned as the principal cult centre for Amun-Re and a focus for state religious festivals, and was modified repeatedly by successive rulers.

The complex sits on the northern edge of Luxor city on the Nile’s east bank, a short distance north of Luxor Temple and the modern urban centre. It is reached by road from central Luxor and is one of the main archaeological attractions in the Theban area.

• Hypostyle columns: The hypostyle hall contains 134 sandstone columns, with the 12 central columns reaching about 21 metres in height.
• Best time to visit: Early morning visits avoid the daytime heat and provide better light for photographing low reliefs on pylons and colossi.

What to See #

• Great Temple of Amun-Re (Karnak core): Large precinct dedicated to the state god Amun-Re, developed continuously from the Middle Kingdom through the Ptolemaic and Roman periods and containing the complex's principal temples and colossal monuments.
• Great Hypostyle Hall: An enormous hypostyle hall with 134 sandstone columns, including 12 central columns that rise to about 21 metres, decorated with carved reliefs and inscriptions from multiple pharaohs.
• Precinct of Mut: A separate enclosure dedicated to the goddess Mut containing temple remains, pylons and smaller shrines dating to New Kingdom and later phases.
• Sacred Lake: A rectangular man-made pool used for ritual purification within the temple complex; it remains a prominent visible feature near the main temple buildings.
• Avenue of Sphinxes: A ceremonial approach lined with sphinxes and sphinx-like statues that historically connected the Karnak precincts with Luxor Temple; sections and restored stretches are visible today.
• Festival and temple halls: A compact complex of chapels, pylons and reliefs associated with the festivals and rituals of New Kingdom pharaohs, including constructions attributed to Tuthmosis III and later kings.