Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert is a vast cold desert region spanning southern Mongolia and parts of northern China, covering roughly 1.3 million square kilometres. It is one of the largest deserts in Asia and is notable for its extreme temperature ranges and sparse vegetation.

The landscape alternates between bare rock, gravel plains and dune fields, with notable dune systems such as Khongoryn Els and narrow glacially influenced gorges like Yolyn Am. Sand dunes, gravel steppe and isolated rocky outcrops create varied terrain used for camel treks and overland expeditions.

Paleontology and wildlife are major draws - areas such as the Flaming Cliffs (Bayan Zag) have yielded significant dinosaur fossils and eggs, and the region supports species adapted to harsh conditions including Bactrian camels and rare steppe carnivores.

The Gobi is a natural landscape shaped by long-term climatic and geological processes rather than human construction. It has been a corridor for historic trade routes and nomadic peoples for centuries and became globally prominent in the 20th century for paleontological discoveries at sites like the Flaming Cliffs.

The Gobi stretches across southern Mongolia (including Ömnögovi Province) into northern China. In Mongolia the desert is accessed from provincial centres such as Dalanzadgad and overland from the capital Ulaanbaatar.

• Access: Most organized tours depart from Ulaanbaatar or the provincial capital Dalanzadgad and include multi-day drives over unpaved roads.
• When to go: Best visiting window is late spring to early autumn when temperatures and road conditions are least extreme.

What to See #

• Flaming Cliffs (Bayan Zag): A sandstone and red-clay outcrop where several important dinosaur fossils and eggs were recovered; a key paleontological site in the Gobi.
• Khongoryn Els: A large linear dune field in the southern Gobi notable for shifting sand ridges and seasonal vegetation on the margins.
• Yolyn Am: A narrow gorge in the Gurvan Saikhan range that often holds perennial ice and a permanent snow/ice field even in summer.