Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is a natural World Heritage property that covers a set of high-elevation protected areas on the islands central massif, recognized for exceptional biodiversity and high levels of endemism in montane forest ecosystems. The property comprises separate but related protected areas conserving cloud forest, montane grassland and upland headwaters.

Key areas within the property include Horton Plains National Park, the Knuckles Conservation Forest and the Peak Wilderness Protected Area, each hosting distinctive habitats and endemic species of plants, amphibians and invertebrates. Montane forests here are important for watershed protection and for species adapted to cool, high-altitude environments.

Scientific surveys and conservation measures through the late 20th century established the protected status of these areas; they have since been managed to conserve remaining forest patches, control invasive species and monitor endemic wildlife. Tourism and park use are regulated to limit impacts on fragile montane ecosystems.

The highlands occupy central Sri Lankas interior, around the cities of Nuwara Eliya and Kandy, forming the islands main elevated region with steep slopes, plateaus and prominent peaks.

• Best visiting season: Best weather for visiting the higher places such as Horton Plains and the Knuckles is during the drier months, typically December to April, when trails are clearer and visibility improves.
• Three-component property: The property comprises three separate protected areas that together conserve a high proportion of Sri Lankas endemic montane flora and fauna, including many species restricted to high-elevation habitats.

What to See #

• Horton Plains National Park: Horton Plains National Park features montane grassland and cloud forest with the prominent escarpment known as Worlds End and montane waterfalls.
• Knuckles Conservation Forest: Knuckles Conservation Forest comprises a complex of folded hills and valleys with cloud forest remnants and high levels of plant endemism.
• Peak Wilderness Protected Area: Peak Wilderness Protected Area contains high-elevation montane forests and peaks forming the core of Sri Lankas central massif biodiversity.