Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire

Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire is a serial site comprising the early Ottoman urban fabric of Bursa and the nearby preserved rural village of Cumalıkızık in northwestern Anatolia. The ensemble illustrates the emergence of Ottoman architectural and urban traditions in the 14th century.

Bursa contains congregational mosques, tombs, baths and market structures that reflect the city’s role as an administrative and religious centre in the formative centuries of the Ottoman state. Cumalıkızık retains a village plan and traditional timber-framed houses that show rural domestic organisation contemporary with the rise of Bursa.

Bursa became a principal seat of Ottoman power in the 14th century and developed architectural forms - including mosque complexes and market institutions - that were replicated later in other Ottoman cities. Cumalıkızık represents the rural counterpart, preserving construction techniques and settlement patterns from the same period.

The nominated places are in Bursa Province in northwestern Turkey, with Bursa situated on the northern slopes of the Uludağ massif and Cumalıkızık on the nearby eastern foothills; the area lies inland from the Sea of Marmara and is accessible from the regional city of Bursa.

• Early Ottoman capital: Bursa served as the first major capital of the Ottoman polity in the 14th century and retains early Ottoman religious and funerary architecture.
• Preserved Ottoman village: Cumalıkızık preserves an early Ottoman village layout with timber-framed domestic architecture and narrow lanes that illustrate rural settlement forms of the period.

What to See #

• Bursa historic centre: Historic mosque complexes, tombs and külliye in Bursa that illustrate early Ottoman religious and civic architecture developed when the city served as an imperial capital in the 14th century.
• Cumalıkızık village: A contemporary rural village at the eastern foothills that preserves an early Ottoman village plan with timber-framed houses, narrow streets and earthworks reflecting rural settlement patterns of the period.