Zagros Mountains

The Zagros Mountains are a major mountain range running across western and southwestern Iran and into parts of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq, forming a continuous belt of folded and faulted terrain. The range extends for roughly 1,500 to 1,600 kilometres and contains many peaks and plateaus rising to elevations above 2,000 metres.

A wide range of landscapes appears along the Zagros - steep folded ridges and deep valleys, karstic limestone plateaus, and broad foothills. Key visitor activities include multi-day treks, mountain driving routes, and viewing large folded outcrops and river gorges; some valleys and high passes provide panoramic views over 10s of kilometres. The range also contains important watersheds and springs that feed rivers flowing toward the Persian Gulf and the Mesopotamian plain.

The Zagros formed as the Arabian plate collided with the Eurasian plate during the Cenozoic, producing extensive folding, thrusting and uplift of sedimentary cover rocks. Over centuries the area has been used for seasonal pastoralism, agriculture in valley bottoms, and more recently for road and rail corridors that follow passes and river valleys.

Geographically the Zagros occupy the western flank of the Iranian plateau, running from southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq in the northwest to the Strait of Hormuz in the southeast. Major nearby cities include Kermanshah, Shiraz and Ahvaz on the Iranian side; the range sits between the Mesopotamian lowlands to the west and the central Iranian plateau to the east.

• Length: Runs roughly 1,500-1,600 kilometres across southwestern Iran into parts of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq, forming one of the main mountain chains of the Middle East.
• When to go: Best seasons for travel and trekking are spring and autumn when temperatures are milder and many mountain routes are accessible; high ridges can retain snow into late spring.

What to See #

• High Zagros: A higher-elevation zone of the range containing the main summits and steep folded ridges, where elevations commonly exceed 2,000 metres and alpine pastures and snowfields occur seasonally.
• Low Zagros / Foothills: Lower-elevation foothills and folded plains that run toward the Iranian plateau and the Mesopotamian plain, characterised by gentler slopes, river valleys, and extensive folded sedimentary rocks.