Matterhorn

The Matterhorn is an iconic pyramidal Alpine peak on the Swiss-Italian border with an elevation of 4,478 metres, widely recognised for its near-symmetrical profile. It is one of the most photographed mountains in the Alps and a classic objective for mountaineers.

From surrounding resorts there are dramatic views of the peak’s four ridges and steep faces; popular vantage points include the Gornergrat and the Sunnegga/Rothorn area near Zermatt. For climbers the Hörnli ridge provides the normal ascent route from the Swiss side, while other technical routes approach from Italy and Switzerland and require glacier travel and fixed-rope sections.

The mountain’s first successful ascent was achieved in 1865 by a party led by Edward Whymper; the descent ended tragically with several climbers killed, an event that entered mountaineering history. Since the 19th century it has been a focal point for alpine exploration, rescue development and regulated guided climbs.

The peak lies on the border between the canton of Valais in Switzerland and the Aosta Valley in Italy, towering above the resort town of Zermatt on the Swiss side and Breuil-Cervinia on the Italian side.

• Altitude and standard route: Summit altitude is 4,478 metres, and the classic Hörnli ridge is the standard ascent route climbed from the Swiss side via Zermatt.
• First ascent and safety: First ascent in 1865 by Edward Whymper marked a milestone in alpine mountaineering but ended in a fatal descent accident; the summit and routes demand alpine experience and appropriate equipment.