Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a UNESCO World Heritage cultural site in southern Alberta, Canada, preserving an intact example of a Plains Native American communal bison hunting location used for millennia. It is one of the best-preserved and documented buffalo jump sites in North America.

The prominent cliff and adjacent archaeological deposits show how people organised large-scale hunts, processed carcasses and used the landscape across generations. The site’s interpretive centre and trails explain archaeological discoveries and Indigenous hunting technologies and practices.

Archaeological evidence indicates repeated use of the site over thousands of years by Indigenous groups of the Northern Plains. The location and associated cultural practices were documented by archaeologists and Indigenous knowledge holders, leading to protection and interpretation.

The site is located near the town of Fort Macleod in southern Alberta, approximately a short drive northwest from the town along the foothills of the Rockies.

• Cultural importance: Used for communal bison hunts for several thousand years and recognised as a significant archaeological landscape illustrating Indigenous hunting strategies.

What to See #

• Jump site: The archaeological cliff edge used historically for buffalo jumps where Indigenous groups drove bison herds over the escarpment.
• Interpretive Centre: A purpose-built interpretive centre that presents archaeological findings, Indigenous culture and information about the hunting practices associated with the site.