Overshadowed by a fragile economy, a malaria epidemic and internal turmoil, the little-known, newly independent Guinea Bissau has some decent attractions for eco-tourists and architecture buffs who don’t mind roughing it.
The North Atlantic coast capital, Bissau has few sights to offer, with most visitors swiftly moving on to the former capital of Bolama, where the well-preserved legacy of the Portuguese awaits. However, the real draw card here is the local cuisine, with delicacies such as monkey and beaver making their way onto the menu, despite their near extinction in these parts.
Tourists are drawn to Guinea-Bissau for its pristine beaches, dense forests, and rich biodiversity. The Bijagos Archipelago, with its picturesque islands and abundant marine life, is a highlight, offering excellent opportunities for fishing, birdwatching, and eco-tourism. The country’s vibrant cultural scene is reflected in its traditional music, dance, and colorful festivals, providing a glimpse into the diverse ethnic heritage of the region.
If you prefer to see exotic wildlife rather than eat it, head for the Biijagos Archipelago, where comfortable accommodation exists for hippo and turtle-spotters on the islands of Gabu, Bafata, Farim, Orango and Casheu.
Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north, Guinea to the south and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country’s terrain includes coastal plains, mangrove swamps, and low-lying forests. The Bijagos Archipelago, a group of about 88 islands, lies off the coast and is known for its unique ecosystems and biodiversity. The climate is tropical, with a distinct wet season from June to November and a dry season from December to May.
The coastal region of Guinea-Bissau is characterized by mangrove swamps, estuaries, and sandy beaches. This area includes the capital city, Bissau, and the nearby islands of the Bijagos Archipelago.
The Bijagos Archipelago is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, renowned for its unique flora and fauna, including rare species such as the saltwater hippopotamus and green sea turtles. The islands are also known for their traditional communities and rich cultural heritage.
The interior region of Guinea-Bissau is dominated by savannah and forested areas, with several national parks and wildlife reserves. This region is home to diverse wildlife and offers opportunities for trekking, birdwatching, and experiencing traditional village life.
What’s Cool
Pristine beaches, vibrant wildlife, stunning Bijagos Archipelago, rich cultural heritage, traditional music and dance, colorful festivals, friendly locals, unique ecosystems, excellent fishing and birdwatching, unspoiled natural beauty.
What’s Not
Limited infrastructure, political instability, travel challenges, language barrier (primarily Portuguese and local languages), limited public transportation, inconsistent road conditions, seasonal tropical rains, limited medical facilities.
Where to Go
Highlights
- Bijagos Archipelago: A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve with unique ecosystems, rare wildlife, and traditional communities.
- Orango Island: Known for its saltwater hippopotamuses, beautiful beaches, and vibrant cultural heritage.
- Varela Beach: A pristine beach on the mainland, perfect for relaxing and enjoying the natural surroundings.
- Bolama Island: The former capital of Portuguese Guinea, featuring colonial architecture and historical sites.
- Cacheu National Park: A protected area with rich biodiversity, including mangroves, wetlands, and diverse bird species.
Regions
Coastal Region:
- Bissau: The capital city, known for its colonial architecture, vibrant markets, and cultural festivals.
- Varela: A coastal town with beautiful beaches and lush surroundings, offering a peaceful retreat.
Bijagos Archipelago:
- Orango Island: Famous for its unique wildlife, including saltwater hippopotamuses, and traditional culture.
- Bubaque Island: The most developed island in the archipelago, known for its beautiful beaches and vibrant local life.
- Bolama Island: Known for its colonial-era buildings and historical significance as the former capital.
Interior Region:
- Cacheu: A historic town with a rich cultural heritage and proximity to Cacheu National Park.
- Gabu: A town in the eastern part of the country, known for its traditional Fulani culture and nearby natural attractions.
Top Cities
- Bissau: The capital city, offering a blend of colonial history, vibrant markets, and cultural events.
- Bafata: A historic town known for its colonial architecture and cultural significance.
- Gabu: A key town in the interior region, known for its traditional culture and local markets.
Islands & Beaches
- Varela Beach: A stunning, pristine beach on the mainland, ideal for relaxation and nature activities.
- Orango Island: Offers beautiful beaches, unique wildlife, and traditional cultural experiences.
- Bubaque Island: Known for its accessible beaches and vibrant local life.
National Parks
- Orango National Park: Known for its saltwater hippopotamuses, diverse birdlife, and pristine beaches.
- Cacheu National Park: Features mangroves, wetlands, and a variety of bird species, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.
- Cantanhez Forest National Park: A tropical forest reserve known for its biodiversity, including primates and other wildlife.
When to Go
- Dry Season: (December to May) Best time to visit with sunny weather and minimal rainfall, perfect for outdoor activities and beach visits.
- Wet Season: (June to November) Higher chance of rain and potential travel disruptions, but the landscape is lush and green.
Things to Do
Cultural Experiences
- Exploring Bissau: Visit the colonial-era buildings, vibrant markets, and cultural festivals in the capital city.
- Visiting Traditional Villages: Experience the local culture and traditions in rural villages across the country.
- Attending Festivals: Participate in colorful festivals, such as the Bissau Carnival, showcasing traditional music, dance, and costumes.
Natural Experiences
- Exploring the Bijagos Archipelago: Discover the unique ecosystems, pristine beaches, and diverse wildlife of the islands.
- Birdwatching in Cacheu National Park: Spot a variety of bird species in the mangroves and wetlands of this protected area.
- Hiking in Cantanhez Forest National Park: Explore the tropical forest and observe primates and other wildlife in their natural habitat.
Urban Experiences
- Exploring Bissau: Visit the colonial-era buildings, vibrant markets, and cultural festivals in the capital city.
- Discovering Bolama Island: Explore the historical colonial architecture and learn about the island’s past as the former capital.
Unique Experiences
- Seeing Saltwater Hippopotamuses: Visit Orango Island to observe the rare saltwater hippopotamuses in their natural habitat.
- Fishing in the Bijagos Archipelago: Enjoy excellent fishing opportunities in the abundant waters around the islands.
- Marine Conservation Volunteering: Participate in conservation projects to help protect the unique marine life of the Bijagos Archipelago.
Getting There
Osvaldo Vieira International Airport: (Bissau) The main international gateway to Guinea-Bissau, with flights from neighboring countries and Europe.
By Air
Direct flights from major hubs like Dakar (Senegal), Lisbon (Portugal), and other West African cities to Osvaldo Vieira International Airport in Bissau.
By Land
Border crossings from Senegal and Guinea, but be aware of potential travel challenges and security concerns.
Getting Around
Train
There are no train services in Guinea-Bissau.
Bus
Intercity and local buses are available, but they can be infrequent and not very reliable. Shared taxis and minibuses (called “toca-tocas”) are common for local transport.
Car
Car rentals are limited, and driving conditions can be challenging due to poor road infrastructure. Hiring a local driver or guide is recommended for navigating the roads.
Ferries
Ferry services connect the mainland with the Bijagos Archipelago, providing a scenic way to travel between the islands. Schedules can be irregular, so check in advance.
Air
Domestic flights are limited, but some small airlines operate charter flights to the Bijagos Archipelago and other remote areas.
Where to Stay
Hotels
Available in major towns like Bissau, with options ranging from budget to mid-range. Accommodation standards can vary, so it’s best to book in advance.
Hostels
Limited availability, mainly in Bissau. Hostels offer a more affordable accommodation option but may have basic facilities.
Camping
Camping is possible in some national parks and on the islands, but facilities are basic. It’s recommended to bring your own gear.
Unique
Eco-lodges and guesthouses in the Bijagos Archipelago offer a unique stay experience, providing close access to nature and traditional communities.
Need to Know
- Capital: Bissau
- Currency: West African CFA franc (XOF)
- Population: Approximately 2 million
- Electricity: 220V, 50Hz
- Country Code: +245
- Time Zone: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
- Government: Semi-presidential republic
Health & Safety
Scams & Petty Crime
Be cautious in crowded areas and keep valuables secure. Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, can occur in markets and tourist spots.
Political Unrest
Stay updated on travel advisories and avoid regions with known security issues. Political instability can affect travel plans.
Diseases
Ensure vaccinations are up-to-date, including yellow fever. Malaria is prevalent, so take necessary precautions and medication.
Road Conditions
Road conditions vary widely; many roads are poorly maintained, especially in rural areas. Exercise caution when driving, particularly during the wet season.
Nature’s Fury
Heavy rains during the wet season can cause flooding and travel disruptions. Be prepared for tropical storms.
Sexual Harassment
Dress modestly and respect local customs to avoid unwanted attention. Women should take extra precautions when traveling alone.