Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang Travel Guide

City City in Hunan province, known for agriculture

A subdistrict of Liuyang known for the region’s fireworks industry, nearby waterfalls and mountain trails; visitors often tour small factories, sample Hunan spicy dishes and hike local ridges.

Costs
$30-60 per day (budget to midrange)
Cheap street food, local buses, and basic guesthouses keep daily costs low; occasional midrange hotels available.
Safety
Generally safe with low violent crime
Low violent crime; exercise normal caution for petty theft and traffic.
Best Time
Spring and autumn (Mar-May, Sep-Nov)
Mild weather and fewer rains; good for walking and outdoor activities.
Time
Weather
Population
1,380,000
Infrastructure & Convenience
Local buses, taxis and decent walkability; minimal English signage or tourist services.
Popularity
Mostly domestic visitors attracted to fireworks heritage and nearby nature; very few international tourists.
Known For
fireworks manufacturing, Liuyang River, Hunan cuisine, riverfront parks, traditional festivals, fireworks factory tours, hiking and nature, rural villages, local markets, folk arts, temples
Liuyang is known as China's fireworks capital; the region produces roughly 70% of the country's fireworks.

Why Visit Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang? #

A hub of pyrotechnic heritage and spicy Hunan flavor, Guankou Subdistrict in Liuyang draws travelers curious about craft industries and regional cuisine. Workshops producing the fireworks that made Liuyang famous fill the outskirts, and the Liuyang River’s banks and market streets reveal everyday life and roadside food stalls. Local specialties like Mao’s braised pork and fiery chili dishes give a clear taste of Hunan. Annual lantern and fireworks festivals offer dramatic shows and a chance to observe traditional pyrotechnic rituals up close.

Who's Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang For?

Couples

Guankou and wider Liuyang have surprising romantic moments: twilight along the Liuyang River and small fireworks displays light up evenings. Try a riverside dinner in the town center or drive to Daming Mountain for sunrise viewpoints; intimate, slightly rough-around-edges, affordable.

Families

Safe streets and parks around Guankou make it easy to explore with kids, and the fireworks factories and small museum exhibits are a novelty for older children. Expect few international family attractions; bring snacks and patience for slow local transport between sites.

Backpackers

Not a backpacker hub - hostels are scarce in Guankou and budget guesthouses dominate. Still, cheap local buses, low-cost street food and rural trails give value-minded travelers a base for exploring Liuyang’s countryside, though language barriers can be frustrating.

Digital Nomads

Internet and coworking options in Guankou are limited - mobile 4G works but stable coworking spaces are in Changsha (about 40-60 minutes away). Low rents and quiet neighborhoods are appealing, but expect slow bureaucracy and few English services.

Foodies

Hunan heat and spice define Liuyang’s food - fiery chili fish head, smoked meats, and robust home-style restaurants. Street stalls and family eateries in Guankou serve authentic, cheap plates; for refined Hunan tasting menus you’ll likely need to visit Changsha.

Adventure Seekers

Surrounding hills like Daming Mountain offer solid day hikes, waterfalls and cliff viewpoints, plus rural biking routes. Activities are low-key with few commercial operators, so plan logistics yourself or hire a local guide for tougher trails and river valleys.

Party Animals

Nightlife in Guankou itself is quiet - a few KTVs and small bars where locals gather. For clubs, live bands, and a proper late-night scene you’ll need to head to Changsha, about an hour away by car or fast train.

Nature Buffs

Liuyang has pleasant rivers, terraced fields and nearby forested mountains-Daming Mountain and surrounding valleys are good for birding and short treks. Nature is accessible close to town, though protected-park infrastructure and English signage can be limited.

Top Things to Do in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang

Plan Your Visit to Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Dining
Bold Hunan flavors, local eats
Fiery home‑style dishes and roadside snacks throughout.
Nightlife
Low‑key evenings, teahouses
Evenings focus on teahouses, karaoke and quiet riverside strolls.
Accommodation
Budget and midrange stays
Simple business hotels and family guesthouses, very affordable.
Shopping
Local markets and fireworks
Produce markets plus stalls selling Liuyang fireworks and traditional crafts.

Best Time to Visit Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Visit Guankou in the cool, drier months (November-February) for comfortable temperatures and easy walking around town. Avoid late-spring plum rains and the intense heat and humidity of midsummer, which bring frequent storms and occasional typhoon influence.

Hot Season
July - August · 27°C - 36°C (81°F - 97°F)
Oppressive heat and high humidity dominate; afternoons spike above 30°C, great for river swimming but uncomfortable for long city walks - expect frequent thunderstorms and occasional typhoon remnants.
Rainy Season
April - June · 18°C - 28°C (64°F - 82°F)
Plum-rain brings steady, humid drizzle and sudden downpours; green countryside looks superb but boat trips and outdoor hiking are often soggy or waterlogged.
Cool Season
November - February · 2°C - 12°C (36°F - 54°F)
Mild, drier weather makes city walking and local festivals pleasant; mornings can be chilly and damp, so pack a light coat and layers.

Best Time to Visit Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Climate

Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang's climate is classified as Humid Subtropical - Humid Subtropical climate with hot summers (peaking in July) and cold winters (coldest in January). Temperatures range from 2°C to 33°C. Abundant rainfall (1477 mm/year), wettest in June.

Best Time to Visit
SeptemberOctoberJuly
Temperature & Rainfall
Temperature Range
35°
Warmest Month
-12°
Coldest Month
Monthly Conditions

January

January is the coolest month with highs of 9°C and lows of 2°C. Moderate rainfall (63 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

53 Acceptable

Comfort

Feels Like Cold
C
Temperature
79%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

63 mm
Rainfall
2.0 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.4
UV Index
Low
10.4h daylight

February

February is cold with highs of 10°C and lows of 4°C. Regular rainfall (95 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

51 Acceptable

Comfort

Feels Like Cold
C
Temperature
10°
80%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

95 mm
Rainfall
2.1 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.6
UV Index
Moderate
11.1h daylight

March

March is cool with highs of 14°C and lows of 8°C. Significant rainfall (146 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

49 Poor

Comfort

11°
Feels Like Cool
11°C
Temperature
14°
80%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

146 mm
Rainfall
1.9 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.8
UV Index
Moderate
11.9h daylight

April

April is cool with highs of 21°C and lows of 13°C. Heavy rain (204 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

55 Acceptable

Comfort

17°
Feels Like Cool
17°C
Temperature
13° 21°
80%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

204 mm
Rainfall
1.8 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.1
UV Index
High
12.7h daylight

May

May is mild with highs of 26°C and lows of 18°C. Heavy rain (214 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

63 Good

Comfort

22°
Feels Like Mild
22°C
Temperature
18° 26°
82%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

214 mm
Rainfall
1.8 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.3
UV Index
High
13.4h daylight

June

June is warm with muggy conditions (dew point 23°C). The wettest month with heavy rain (221 mm) and mostly overcast skies.

63 Good

Comfort

26°
Feels Like Warm
26°C
Temperature
22° 30°
85%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

221 mm
Rainfall
1.9 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.4
UV Index
High
13.8h daylight

July

July is the hottest month, feeling like 35°C with oppressive humidity. Significant rainfall (121 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

65 Good

Comfort

35°
Feels Like Hot
29°C
Temperature
25° 33°
84%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

121 mm
Rainfall
2.3 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.9
UV Index
Very High
13.6h daylight

August

August is hot, feeling like 34°C with oppressive humidity. Significant rainfall (120 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

65 Good

Comfort

34°
Feels Like Hot
28°C
Temperature
24° 33°
83%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

120 mm
Rainfall
2.0 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.7
UV Index
Very High
13.0h daylight

September

September is warm with highs of 28°C and lows of 20°C. Regular rainfall (83 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

77 Very Good

Comfort

24°
Feels Like Warm
24°C
Temperature
20° 28°
81%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

83 mm
Rainfall
2.0 m/s
Wind
Calm
1.3
UV Index
High
12.2h daylight

October

October is mild with highs of 23°C and lows of 15°C. Regular rainfall (89 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

75 Very Good

Comfort

19°
Feels Like Mild
19°C
Temperature
15° 23°
77%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

89 mm
Rainfall
2.0 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.9
UV Index
Moderate
11.4h daylight

November

November is cool with highs of 17°C and lows of 9°C. Moderate rainfall (75 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

65 Good

Comfort

13°
Feels Like Cool
13°C
Temperature
17°
78%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

75 mm
Rainfall
1.9 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.6
UV Index
Moderate
10.6h daylight

December

December is cold with highs of 12°C and lows of 3°C. Moderate rainfall (46 mm) and partly cloudy skies.

59 Acceptable

Comfort

Feels Like Cold
C
Temperature
12°
75%
Humidity
Very Humid

Weather

46 mm
Rainfall
1.9 m/s
Wind
Calm
0.4
UV Index
Low
10.2h daylight

How to Get to Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang

Guankou Subdistrict is served via nearby Changsha - most visitors arrive through Changsha Huanghua International Airport (CSX) or Changsha's rail hubs and then transfer by road. Expect a transfer of about an hour by car or coach from Changsha to central Liuyang; plan transfers in Changsha if you need faster or more frequent connections.

By Air

Changsha Huanghua International Airport (CSX): The nearest major airport for Liuyang is Changsha Huanghua (CSX). From the airport you can take Changsha Metro Line 3 into Changsha city (typical fare about CNY 6-8; journey to Changsha South or central Changsha ~30-40 minutes). There are also airport shuttle coaches into Changsha (tickets commonly CNY 20-40, 40-60 minutes depending on traffic) and taxis or ride‑hailing (Didi) to Liuyang that typically take about 60-90 minutes and commonly cost in the low hundreds of CNY depending on route and time of day.

By Train & Bus

Train: Major high‑speed services for the region use Changsha South Railway Station (长沙南站) and Changsha Railway Station. Most long‑distance passengers arrive at Changsha and then transfer to local transport for Liuyang; conventional rail service and slower regional trains to Liuyang are limited, so plan transfers in Changsha.

Bus: Regular intercity coaches run between Changsha (Hunan Provincial/long‑distance bus stations and several city bus terminals) and Liuyang; journey times are typically around 60-90 minutes and fares commonly range CNY 20-40. Within Liuyang and between nearby towns there are frequent local bus services and coach connections-check departure station names and schedules in Changsha before travelling.

How to Get Around Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang

Getting around Guankou Subdistrict and greater Liuyang is easiest by a mix of local buses for cheap journeys and taxis/Didi for speed and convenience. For arrivals use Changsha's airport and rail hubs then take an intercity coach or taxi to Liuyang - once in town buses and shared bikes cover most short trips.

Where to Stay in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Budget
Guankou Subdistrict / Liuyang downtown - ¥120-350/night
Very limited budget options focused on chain economy hotels and guesthouses. Expect small rooms, basic facilities, and convenient locations near transport hubs.
Mid-Range
Liuyang central - ¥350-700/night
Mid-range hotels near main roads offer more space, better service, and breakfast. Good option for multi-night stays and small business trips.
Luxury
Liuyang core / near government district - ¥700-1500/night
Luxury options are limited; expect a few full-service city hotels with banquet halls and larger rooms rather than international five-star brands.
Best for First-Timers
Liuyang town center - ¥150-600/night
Choose hotels near Liuyang town center for easy access to shops, restaurants, and transport - practical for short visits and first-time travelers.
Best for Families
Near parks / Liuyang downtown - ¥250-800/night
Family rooms and suites are available at a few city hotels; look for places with breakfast and easy access to parks and main roads.
Best for Digital Nomads
Near government offices / transport hubs - ¥200-600/night
Limited coworking scenes; pick a business-oriented mid-range hotel with reliable Wi‑Fi and quiet rooms for remote work and longer stays.

Unique & Cool Hotels

Liuyang has a few small boutique and resort-style stays rather than many international brands. Expect local mid-size hotels and a handful of unique guesthouses and hot-spring resorts outside the town.

Where to Eat in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Liuyang’s food scene is unapologetically Hunan - loud chilies, smoky cured meats and stickier rice treats. The city specializes in hearty, home-style Xiang cooking: look for 剁椒鱼头 (chopped-chili fish head), 浏阳腊肉 (local cured pork) and plenty of fried and braised vegetable dishes. Street snacks like 糖油粑粑 and simple noodle bowls are best found along the old streets and riverside vendors.

Around Guankou you’ll mostly find family-run eateries and market stalls rather than fine dining. Eat where the locals line up: small riverside kitchens and the stalls on Liuyang Old Street serve the most honest flavors. If someone in your group wants something milder, national chains and ramen or pizza spots are available for a break from the heat.

Local Food
Liuyang is all about bold Hunan flavors - think preserved pork, chopped-chili fish head (剁椒鱼头) and stick-to-your-ribs rice dishes. Hunt down the small riverside eateries and old-street stalls for snacks like 糖油粑粑 and local cured meats.
  • Liuyang Old Street stalls (浏阳老街小吃) - rice cakes, 糖油粑粑, savory snacks
  • Riverfront family restaurants (沿河小馆) - home-style 剁椒鱼头 and smoked pork
  • Cured-meat shops (浏阳腊味店) - house-cured 腊肉, salty-sweet smoked pork
International Food
If you need a break from Xiang heat, Liuyang has familiar national chains and a handful of Asian options for milder, international flavors. These are handy for groups with different spice tolerances.
  • Haidilao Hot Pot (海底捞) - reliable hot pot with wide broth choices
  • Ajisen Ramen (味千拉面) - Japanese-style ramen and light sides
  • Pizza Hut (必胜客) - Western-style pizzas and familiar comfort food
Vegetarian
Vegetarian eating in Liuyang is practical rather than elaborate: order vegetable stir-fries, tofu dishes, and temple-style snacks at markets and family restaurants. Coffee shops and bakeries also fill in with lighter options.
  • Local temple-style vegetarian stalls (素食小摊) - seasonal vegetables, fried gluten, simple braises
  • Vegetarian sections in family restaurants - stir-fried greens and tofu-based dishes
  • Coffee shops and bakeries - salads, sandwiches, light vegetarian options

Nightlife in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Guankou Subdistrict (central Liuyang) has a low-key, local nightlife: think KTV rooms, beer-and-skewer stalls, and a handful of neighborhood bars clustered around shopping areas and the riverside. Most local spots quiet down by 1-3 a.m.; KTVs commonly accept bookings later into the night, while street-food stalls can run until midnight or later on weekends. Dress is informal for most venues-jeans and smart-casual tops are fine-but upscale hotel bars or private lounges may expect neater attire.

Safety-wise, treat the area like any small Chinese city: keep an eye on your belongings in crowded markets, use Didi or a reputable taxi after drinking, and carry enough digital payment options (WeChat/Alipay) since many stalls are cashless. If you want high-energy clubs, international DJs, or rooftop cocktail bars, plan a 45-70 minute trip to Changsha; Liuyang’s strengths are affordable food, friendly local pubs, and KTV with private rooms.

Casual & Local Bars
Laid-back neighborhood bars and beer stalls around the downtown core; expect modest prices (¥20-¥80/drink) and relaxed dress codes.
  • Wanda Plaza - bar cluster - Small bars and beer pubs around the mall
  • Liuyang Riverside BBQ & Beer - Open-air grills popular with locals late-night
  • Pedestrian Street Pubs - Casual spots along the downtown walking street
KTV & Karaoke
Karaoke is the dominant late-night option-rooms usually bookable until ~2-3:00 a.m.; bring a phone for the music queue and use WeChat Pay.
  • Wanda Plaza KTV - Mall-based KTV rooms; daytime deals common
  • Local standalone KTVs - Private rooms, typical ¥100-¥300/hour range
  • Hotel KTV lounges - Quieter, often reserved for groups and families
Night Markets & Late-night Eats
Street-food culture runs late - night markets and stalls stay lively until midnight or later; prices are very budget-friendly (¥10-¥40 per dish).
  • Liuyang Night Market - Street food stalls; cheap eats and snacks
  • Downtown Pedestrian Street Stalls - Skewers, stinky tofu and sweet treats
  • 24-hour noodle shops - Small late-night diners favored by locals
Live Music, Clubs & After-dark
Liuyang's live-music and club scene is modest; expect small, local live acts rather than big-name DJs. For large clubs and late-night venues, plan a trip to nearby Changsha.
  • Weekend pub live bands - Occasional bands at local pubs on weekends
  • Small dance venues near downtown - Low-key clubs with cover charges sometimes
  • Changsha club circuit (recommended) - Major clubs ~40-60 km away by car

Shopping in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Liuyang (and its Guankou subdistrict) is best known as China’s historic fireworks hometown - many small factories, workshops and museum exhibits reflect that. Shopping here is practical and down-to-earth: you’ll find fresh produce markets, street-food stalls, small artisan booths selling bamboo and folk crafts, and a handful of modern malls and chain stores in the city center. Expect limited luxury shopping; come for local goods, snacks and, if you’re curious, responsibly purchased fireworks items from licensed sellers.

Bargaining is normal at open-air markets and with individual artisans-start 20-30% below the asking price and be ready to walk away. Always check local rules and safety labels before buying any fireworks, and don’t transport large quantities across provinces. Carry some cash for markets (mobile payment is widely accepted too), shop mid-morning to avoid the crowds, and ask a shopkeeper or hotel staff to point you toward reputable fireworks sellers and certified souvenirs.

Markets & Bazaars
Busy everyday markets where locals shop-expect crowds, bargaining, and great snacks.
  • Guankou Farmers' Market - Morning produce market, best for fresh local produce.
  • Liuyang Night Market - Street food, snacks and cheap clothes after dusk.
  • County Wholesale Stalls - Small wholesale clusters selling hardware and daily goods.
Local & Artisan
Liuyang's signature industry is fireworks; you can also buy traditional Hunan crafts.
  • Liuyang Fireworks Museum - Small museum explaining the city's fireworks history.
  • Local fireworks workshops - Family-run makers selling small batches directly to customers.
  • Handicraft stalls - Local bamboo, wood and folk crafts sold by artisans.
Shopping Malls & Modern Retail
Modern malls and chain stores are concentrated near the city center and transport hubs.
  • Wanda Plaza (Liuyang) - Chain mall with cinemas, shops and restaurants.
  • Local supermarket chains - City supermarkets for packaged snacks and daily necessities.
  • Electronics & appliance stores - Standalone shops for phones, TVs and appliances.
Fashion, Tailors & Souvenirs
Mix of budget boutiques, tailors and specialty stores for edible souvenirs.
  • Central Pedestrian Street boutiques - Small fashion shops and seasonal bargains on clothing.
  • Independent tailors - Quick custom tailoring and alterations at reasonable prices.
  • Tea and snack shops - Shops selling Hunan teas, preserved snacks and gifts.

Living in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang #

Guankou Subdistrict is the urban core of Liuyang in Hunan province. Long‑term residence for foreigners normally follows a visa-to-residence route: a Z (work) visa converted to a residence permit after arrival, X1/X2 for students, S1/S2 family visas for long stays, and the foreign permanent residence permit for eligible high‑level talents or family reunification. The Z visa requires a work permit and medical exam; employers usually handle social insurance registration (including medical insurance) once on payroll.

Cost of living in Liuyang is low compared with Changsha. Typical monthly rents run about 1,200-2,500 CNY for a one‑bedroom in town and 3,000-6,000 CNY for larger family apartments; deposits are commonly one month. Utilities (electricity, water, gas, heating) typically add 200-400 CNY/month. Public hospitals provide most routine care (Liuyang People’s Hospital), with specialist or international services usually accessed in Changsha. Many foreigners secure private international health insurance before arrival, since dedicated expat clinics are limited locally.

Best Neighborhoods
Small-city layout - live near Guankou for shops and transport, or Taoguan/High‑tech Zone for company housing and lower rents.
  • Guankou Subdistrict (city centre) - Central services, markets nearby, 1,200-2,500 CNY/mo
  • Taoguan Town - Industrial hub, affordable housing, compact commute options
  • Liuyang High‑tech Industrial Development Zone - Newer apartments, company dorms, near factories
Health & Wellness
Public hospitals in Liuyang handle routine and emergency care; for complex or expatriate-focused services, travel to Changsha.
  • Liuyang People's Hospital - Major public hospital, broader specialist care available
  • Liuyang Maternal & Child Health Hospital - Maternity and pediatrics, public services, low fees
  • Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine - TCM treatments, outpatient clinics, local practitioners
  • Changsha hospitals (by car/train) - Specialist/international clinics 40-60 minutes, higher cost
Cost of Living
Liuyang is considerably cheaper than provincial capital Changsha; expect low rents and modest daily costs.
  • Rent - 1BR city 1,200-2,500 CNY/mo, 3BR 3,000-6,000 CNY
  • Utilities & Internet - Electricity/water/heat 200-400 CNY/mo, broadband ~100-150 CNY
  • Food & Groceries - Local meals 10-25 CNY, groceries 800-1,500 CNY/mo
  • Healthcare & Insurance - Public visit 50-200 CNY, private/expat insurance recommended

Digital Nomads in Guankou Subdistrict, Liuyang

Liuyang is not a typical digital‑nomad hub - coworking infrastructure and expat services are limited compared with provincial capitals. Broadband in town is generally reliable (100 Mbps packages are common) and mobile 4G/5G covers most areas. Home internet packages cost roughly 100-150 CNY/month; prepaid SIMs and data plans run about 30-100 CNY/month depending on usage.

If you need regular international meetings, note the Great Firewall: many global services require a VPN (set up before arriving). For a larger nomad community, better options are to base in Changsha (about 40-60 minutes by car/bus) and commute or make periodic trips to Liuyang.

Coworking Spaces
Dedicated coworking is limited compared with major cities; local incubators and business hotels are the usual options for desk space.
  • Liuyang Entrepreneurship Incubation Center - Startup desks, meeting rooms, business services
  • High‑tech Zone service hubs - Shared offices, company-support facilities, daytime access
  • Municipal library (study rooms) - Quiet workspace, free Wi‑Fi, limited hours
  • Business hotels and lounges - Day passes common, stable Wi‑Fi, meeting rooms
Internet & Connectivity
Urban Liuyang has reliable fixed broadband (often 100 Mbps) and wide 4G/5G mobile coverage; expect to pay ~100-150 CNY/month for home internet.
  • China Telecom - Widespread fixed broadband, 100 Mbps common, stable
  • China Unicom - Good 4G/5G mobile coverage, competitive data bundles
  • China Mobile - Strong rural and urban coverage, wide SIM availability
  • Typical costs - Home 100 Mbps ~100-150 CNY/mo, SIM plans 30-100 CNY
Community & Networking
A small, locally focused entrepreneur scene; most foreigner networking happens on WeChat or in nearby Changsha.
  • Liuyang Chamber of Commerce / business associations - Local companies, networking events, supply chain contacts
  • Local entrepreneurship meetups / incubator events - Occasional pitch nights, government-supported programs
  • WeChat groups (local expats & entrepreneurs) - Primary networking channel, housing and work leads
  • Changsha expat & tech communities - Broader networking, 40-60 minutes away
Amenities
Accommodation
Bars & Pubs
Bike Rentals
Cafes
Coworking
Culture
Fitness
Laundromats
Libraries
Pharmacies
Restaurants
Shopping
Viewpoints

Demographics

Density
3,907/km²
Dense Urban
Est. Median Age
43
Male 51.5% Female 48.5%
Age Distribution
  Children 17.5%   Youth 7.9%   Working age 60.6%   Elderly 14.0%

Nearby Cities #