Great Basilica, Pliska

The Great Basilica at Pliska is the remains of the main Christian cathedral of the medieval Bulgarian capital at Pliska, dating to the period after the Christianization of Bulgaria in the 9th century. It is one of the largest early medieval church complexes surviving in Bulgaria.

The archaeological remains include extensive foundation walls, parts of the basilica plan, mosaic flooring fragments and an associated baptistery. The complex demonstrates a multi‑nave basilica layout and ancillary buildings rather than a single isolated church.

The basilica was constructed during the early medieval period when Pliska served as Bulgaria’s capital and ecclesiastical centre; it fell into ruin in later centuries as political centres shifted and the site was abandoned. Excavations and conservation work began in the 20th century and continue to present the plan and decorative remains.

The site sits near the modern village of Pliska in Shumen Province in northeastern Bulgaria, within the archaeological reserve that preserves the remains of the first Bulgarian capital.

• Mosaics and foundations: Mosaic floors and large stone foundations are among the best-preserved elements visible on-site.
• Visiting practicalities: Visit times are tied to the open hours of the Pliska archaeological reserve; much of the site is exposed and can be hot in summer.

What to See #

• Great Basilica ruins: Excavated foundations, surviving wall outlines and mosaic fragments show the basilica's plan, narthex and apse areas dating to the early medieval phase.
• Baptistery and ancillary buildings: A separate baptistery complex with remnants of decorative stonework lies adjacent to the main basilica site and is visible in the archaeological area.
• Palace and fortifications: Ruins of the surrounding early medieval palace and fortifications form part of the broader Pliska archaeological reserve and help contextualize the cathedral within the former capital.