Esquiline Hill

The Esquiline Hill is one of the seven traditional hills of Rome, situated to the east of the Roman Forum and forming part of the city’s historic centre. It is notable for combining ancient Roman archaeological remains with major Christian basilicas and modern urban neighbourhoods.

Key features on the hill include the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore and park and archaeological areas on the Colle Oppio that preserve traces of imperial Rome. The hill’s slopes contain visible fragments of ancient walls, baths and residential structures used across Roman imperial and later periods.

In antiquity the Esquiline included burial grounds and later became the site of imperial building programmes; Nero’s vast Domus Aurea occupied parts of the local topography after the great fire of Rome in AD 64 and left archaeological traces. Over subsequent centuries the area was built over and redeveloped, producing the layered urban fabric visible today.

The Esquiline sits within central Rome, east-northeast of the Roman Forum, and is adjacent to the Colosseum and Termini station in the modern city layout.

• Seven Hills of Rome: One of Rome's Seven Hills, the Esquiline has both ancient Roman archaeological sites and major Christian basilicas concentrated on its slopes.

What to See #

• Santa Maria Maggiore: Basilica major built in the 5th century and extensively rebuilt in later centuries stands on the hill and is one of the city's major papal basilicas.
• Colle Oppio and Domus Aurea remains: The Colle Oppio park area contains archaeological remains from the Domus Aurea and fragments of imperial-era baths and foundations on the hill's slopes.