Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din

Crac des Chevaliers and Qallat Salah El-Din are two major medieval fortresses in Syria that form a single World Heritage property noted for exceptional Crusader and Islamic military architecture. The site was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2006.

The larger of the two, the Crusader castle commonly known as Crac des Chevaliers, is a heavily fortified concentric castle with multiple curtain walls, towers and internal service buildings, demonstrating advanced medieval military design. Qallat Salah El-Din is a separate fortress with its own circuit of fortifications and a different architectural lineage reflecting Islamic medieval defensive practices.

Construction and major enlargement of the Crusader castle occurred principally during the 12th and 13th centuries under the Knights Hospitaller, while the nearby Islamic fortress has origins and alterations spanning several medieval periods. Both fortresses served military, administrative and logistical roles in controlling surrounding plains and routes.

The sites occupy commanding positions in western Syria’s interior within Homs Governorate, each sited to overlook plains and strategic communication routes. They lie in a predominantly rural and hilly landscape and have long been important strategic landmarks in the region.

• Dual fortifications: The property combines two major medieval fortifications located within the Homs Governorate: a Crusader castle and a medieval Islamic fortress, each illustrating different defensive architectures.
• Recent damage and conservation: The complex suffered damage during recent armed conflict and has been the subject of documented conservation and emergency stabilization efforts.