Church of the Nativity

The Church of the Nativity is a basilica in Bethlehem built over a grotto traditionally identified as the birthplace of Jesus, with an original church founded in the 4th century. It is one of the oldest continuously venerated Christian worship sites.

The basilica contains a nave and aisles above ground and the Grotto of the Nativity below, where a silver star marks the traditional place of birth; entry to the grotto requires descending a short stairway. Visitors also use the adjacent Manger Square as the main meeting and assembly area outside the church.

The first church on the site was commissioned in c. 327 AD under Emperor Constantine and Helena; the present basilica largely dates to a 6th-century reconstruction under Emperor Justinian. Control and custodial arrangements among Greek Orthodox, Armenian and Roman Catholic communities developed over centuries and remain in effect.

The church stands in Bethlehem in the central West Bank, about 10 kilometres south of Jerusalem, and is approached from Manger Square in the town centre.

• Grotto access: Access to the grotto is via a low doorway and a short stair descent; interior space is compact and often crowded during pilgrim seasons.
• Custodial arrangement: The basilica operates under a historic shared custodial arrangement among several Christian denominations, which affects liturgical access and services.

What to See #

• Grotto of the Nativity: Subterranean grotto beneath the basilica that contains the silver star marking the traditional spot of Jesus' birth and a small chapel area accessed by descending steps.
• Manger Square: Open square directly outside the basilica's western facade that forms the church's urban approach and gathering place for pilgrims.