Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains are a major mountain system in Central and East Asia that extends across Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan. The range contains glaciated massifs and high plateaus with peaks generally in the 3,000 to 4,500 metre range.

The landscape offers long-distance trekking, alpine meadows, glacier viewpoints and glacial lakes; many routes cross high passes and require multi-day trips. Wildlife includes montane species and diverse plant communities at different elevations, and routes often follow river valleys carved from glacial melt.

The Altai region has long been inhabited by Turkic and Mongolic peoples and served as a corridor for movement of peoples and goods across Central Asia. Over centuries the high valleys were used for seasonal pastoralism and as trade routes between steppe and mountain zones.

The mountains run roughly northwest to southeast across the borderlands of southwestern Siberia, western Mongolia, northern Xinjiang (China) and eastern Kazakhstan. They form part of the boundary between Central Asian steppe and the Siberian interior.

• Elevation: Highest peaks in the system reach roughly 4,000 to 4,500 metres, with Mount Belukha at 4,506 m in the Russian sector.
• International borders: The range spans international borders across Russia, Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan, making cross-border access and permits relevant in many areas.
• Glaciers and rivers: Contains extensive glaciers, alpine lakes and headwaters for multiple Central Asian rivers, supporting high biodiversity at altitude.

What to See #

• Subranges: Covers distinct national subranges including the Russian Altai, Mongolian Altai and Chinese Altai, each with its own high peaks, glaciers and river headwaters.
• Mount Belukha: Mount Belukha area in the Russian Altai with peaks up to 4,506 m; key glaciated massif of the system.
• Chinese Altai: Chinese Altai in Xinjiang featuring alpine meadows and glacier-fed rivers that descend into arid basins.