The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera

The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera is a complex of cave dwellings, rock-hewn architecture and medieval rupestrian churches carved into the limestone ravines of Matera in Basilicata, southern Italy. The site is notable for its continuity of occupation from prehistoric periods through historic times.

The Sassi districts consist of contiguous cave houses, stairways and narrow alleys carved into the calcareous rock, with façades and interiors often adapted over centuries; the result is a layered urban structure integrated with the natural ravine. The Park contains dozens of rupestrian churches and hermitages decorated with frescoes dating primarily from the Byzantine and medieval periods, many of which survive in varying states of conservation. Walkable routes and viewpoints reveal the extent of the carved settlements and the relationship between habitation and religious spaces.

Human occupation at Matera dates back to prehistoric times, with the Sassi developing into a dense, cave-based urban environment through antiquity and the Middle Ages. The rock churches were established from the early medieval period onwards and contain significant painted cycles. In the mid-20th century authorities relocated many residents from the Sassi because of poor sanitary conditions; since the late 20th century the area has been the subject of restoration and adaptive reuse, including cultural and tourism functions.

Matera sits on a limestone plateau overlooking ravines cut by the Gravina stream in the southern Italian region of Basilicata. The town lies roughly 60 to 70 kilometres north of the Gulf of Taranto and about 70 kilometres southeast of Potenza.

• Continuous habitation: The Sassi include cave dwellings carved into limestone that were continuously inhabited from prehistoric times until large-scale relocations in the mid-20th century.

What to See #

• Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano: Sasso Caveoso and Sasso Barisano are the two principal districts of rock-cut dwellings forming the Sassi, composed of caves and rock-carved houses stacked into ravines.
• Park of the Rupestrian Churches: The Rupestrian Park includes numerous rock-hewn churches and chapels with medieval fresco cycles clustered in canyon walls and grottoes around Matera.