Serra do Mar

The Serra do Mar is a long coastal mountain system on Brazil’s southeastern seaboard that forms a steep escarpment between the coastal plains and the interior plateaus. It runs for roughly 1,500 kilometres and is a defining feature of the Atlantic Forest biome.

The range is characterised by densely forested slopes, deep valleys and numerous protected areas that conserve remnant Atlantic Forest; it includes many state and national parks that offer scenic viewpoints and mountain trails. Popular activities include multi-day treks, birdwatching and visiting waterfalls and coastal lookouts.

The Serra do Mar developed as part of the uplift and erosion processes that shaped the Brazilian Highlands; over geological time the escarpment has controlled climate and river patterns along the coast. Human settlement is concentrated on coastal plains and in valleys, while much of the steeper terrain remains forested or protected.

Geographically the range runs parallel to Brazil’s Atlantic coast across several states, including Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, forming a continuous barrier between the shore and inland plateaus; the closest major city in the given area is Rio de Janeiro to the west of parts of the range.

• Length and biome: Stretching roughly 1,500 kilometres along Brazil's southeastern coast, the range forms a long, continuous escarpment covered largely by Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica).
• Biodiversity and access: The region hosts high biodiversity and many endemic species; access and trail conditions vary widely between states, so visitors should check local park rules and trail status before planning hikes.

What to See #

• Protected parks and reserves: Large protected areas, nature reserves and state parks that together conserve fragments of the Atlantic Forest and provide the most accessible hiking and viewpoint locations along the range.
• Escarpment and ridge system: Series of steep coastal escarpments and inland ridges that form the eastern edge of the Brazilian Highlands and separate the coastal plain from interior plateaus.