Salar de Atacama

The Salar de Atacama is a large salt flat in Chile’s Antofagasta Region located in the Altiplano of northern Chile. It covers an area of roughly 3,000 square kilometres and sits at high elevation on the Andean plateau.

The salt plain itself is an expanse of salt crust and brine pans interspersed with saline lagoons that attract large numbers of flamingos and other Andean birdlife; visitors commonly see Chilean, Andean and James’s flamingos. Parts of the salar and adjacent lagoons lie within the Los Flamencos National Reserve and are accessible from nearby towns, with boardwalks and viewpoints at several lagoon sites.

The basin developed through long-term evaporation in an endorheic Andean basin; salt and brine accumulation has been ongoing since the uplift of the Andes. In the 20th and 21st centuries the salar has been the focus of mineral extraction because of its lithium-rich brines.

The salar sits on the Altiplano in northern Chile, about 55 to 100 kilometres southeast of the tourist town of San Pedro de Atacama and inland from the Pacific coast, at an altitude of roughly 2,300 to 2,500 metres above sea level.

• Viewing tips: Best visited in the late afternoon when the low sun improves contrast on salt surfaces and flamingo activity at lagoons is often higher.
• Lithium deposits: Contains significant lithium-rich brine deposits that have been commercially exploited, making it a major source of lithium in Chile.

What to See #

• Salar proper: A shallow salt flat occupying roughly 3,000 square kilometres, containing large evaporite pans and extensive salt crusts with seasonal brine pools.
• Altiplanic lagoons (e.g., Laguna Chaxa): A set of high-altitude saline lagoons noted for regular populations of Chilean, Andean and James's flamingos; many are inside Los Flamencos National Reserve and lie on the salt flat's eastern edge.