Monte Verde

Monte Verde is an archaeological site in southern Chile’s Los Lagos Region notable for early human occupation evidence dated to about 14,500 years before present. Excavations revealed habitation features, hearths, tools and preserved organic remains that revised understanding of the timing of human arrival in South America.

The principal site area contains in situ hearths, postholes and preserved plant and animal remains that together indicate small, repeated occupations by hunter-gatherer groups; the combination of dates and preserved materials is the primary reason Monte Verde is central to New World peopling debates. The site area is modest in physical size but archaeologically rich, and public interpretation is available through regional museums and interpretive facilities rather than large on-site visitor infrastructure.

Excavations led by Tom Dillehay in the 1970s and 1980s applied careful stratigraphic and radiocarbon methods and recovered preserved wood, plant macrofossils and faunal remains, supporting early occupation dates that challenged the previously dominant Clovis-first model. The site has been subject to extensive publication and multidisciplinary study.

Monte Verde lies inland in southern Chile’s Los Lagos Region, in a low, boggy plain near the small locality that gives the site its name, and is located in the coastal temperate zone of southern Chile roughly within driving distance of Puerto Montt and other regional towns.

• Early dates: Radiocarbon dates from preserved organic materials place the primary occupation at roughly 14,500 calendar years before present, making it one of the oldest firmly dated human sites in the Americas.
• Organic preservation: Delicate organic preservation in peat and boggy sediments allowed recovery of wooden and plant remains rarely preserved at open-air Paleolithic sites, which was crucial to interpretation.

What to See #

• Monte Verde II: Monte Verde II (MV-II) - the main open-air occupation area where well-preserved hearths, postholes and organic remains were excavated and dated to about 14,500 years before present.
• Monte Verde I: Monte Verde I (contested) - a separate locality where earlier and more controversial traces have been reported but are not part of the widely accepted core sequence.