Groote Eylandt

Groote Eylandt is a large island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory of Australia, noted for its size and Indigenous Anindilyakwa culture. It is the largest island in the Gulf and has significant mining activity.

The island offers coastal scenery, fishing and snorkeling around fringing reefs and shallow bays, plus cultural connections with local Anindilyakwa communities. There are a small number of settlements and basic visitor facilities rather than mass-tourism infrastructure.

European-scale manganese mining and export operations have been a major economic activity on the island since the mid 20th century; Indigenous ownership and land rights remain central to local governance. Traditional Anindilyakwa custodianship and contemporary industry coexist across the island.

Groote Eylandt sits in the Gulf of Carpentaria off the northern coast of Arnhem Land in Australia’s Northern Territory. The island is remote from major cities, with the nearest regional centres reached by air or long coastal transit.

• Size: The island covers roughly 2,300 square kilometres and is the largest island in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
• People and industry: Home to the Anindilyakwa people and language, with long-standing manganese mining operations present on the island.

What to See #

• Angurugu: One of the main settlements on the island with an airstrip and community services serving the local Anindilyakwa people.
• Umbakumba: Smaller coastal community on the island with a local airstrip and boat access to surrounding reefs and fishing grounds.