Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena

The Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande form the medieval civic and religious heart of Modena in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, centered on the Romanesque Modena Cathedral and its adjoining bell tower. The complex is noted for its high-quality Romanesque architecture and sculptural decoration dating mainly to the 11th-12th centuries.

The ensemble comprises the cathedral building with richly carved portals and sculptural cycles, the tall civic tower known as the Ghirlandina, and the open public space of Piazza Grande where markets and civic events are traditionally held. The Ghirlandina rises prominently above the square and the cathedral façade is distinguished by a sculptorly program attributed to medieval masters.

Construction of the cathedral began in the late 11th century under architects including Lanfranco, with important sculptural work by Wiligelmo and others; the complex developed through the 12th century and later saw conservation and some additions while retaining its Romanesque character. Over time the cathedral and tower served both religious and civic functions for Modena, symbolizing the citys medieval autonomy.

The site sits in central Modena, close to the historic city centre and its network of medieval streets and squares. Modena lies in the Po Valley of northern Italy, roughly west of Bologna, with the cathedral complex forming a focal point of the citys historic core.

• Ghirlandina views: The Ghirlandina tower has a viewing platform open to the public; it offers panoramic views over Modena and the surrounding plain.
• UNESCO inscription: The cathedral complex was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for its outstanding Romanesque architecture and sculptural program.