Zanzibar Archipelago

The Zanzibar Archipelago lies off the coast of Tanzania and comprises a cluster of islands whose largest are Unguja (often called Zanzibar) and Pemba. The islands have long been a crossroads of Indian Ocean trade and retain a distinctive Swahili culture and built heritage; Stone Town on Unguja is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Visitors come for the mix of cultural heritage in Stone Town, white-sand beaches, spice plantations and marine activities on coral reefs. The archipelago supports a range of accommodation from historic townhouses to beach resorts and is a regional centre for dhow trips and snorkeling.

Control of the islands shifted among Portuguese, Omani and British interests across several centuries; the islands were an important hub in the Indian Ocean trade in spices and slaves, shaping their culture and architecture. In the 19th century Unguja became the seat of the Omani sultanate’s trade presence in East Africa.

Geographically the archipelago lies in the western Indian Ocean off Tanzania’s coast, with Unguja and Pemba separated from the mainland by a stretch of sea and from each other by about 50-80 kilometres of ocean. Zanzibar City is the main urban centre on Unguja.

• Main islands and World Heritage site: The archipelago’s two principal islands are Unguja (commonly called Zanzibar) and Pemba; Unguja’s Stone Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognised for its Swahili trading history.
• Activities: Spice tours and dhow trips are common visitor activities; coral reefs and clear waters support snorkeling and diving throughout the islands.

What to See#

• Stone Town (Unguja): The UNESCO-listed historic centre of Stone Town on Unguja features narrow alleyways, carved wooden doors, and coastal Swahili architecture shaped by African, Arab and European influences.
• Jozani Forest: Jozani Forest on Unguja is the island’s main terrestrial reserve and is known for its endemic red colobus monkeys and mangrove fringes.
• Pemba Island: Pemba Island is part of the archipelago and is known for dense vegetation, spice cultivation and productive offshore reefs.

Zanzibar Town (Stone Town) is served by Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) on Unguja, with flights from Dar es Salaam and some international carriers. Ferries run between Dar es Salaam and Stone Town (2-4 hours depending on service); local flights also connect the islands.

• For cultural variety, split time between Unguja (Zanzibar main island) and smaller islands like Mnemba for snorkeling.
• Book spice tours near Stone Town early in the day for fresher produce and fewer buses of tourists.
• Respect local customs in rural villages: cover shoulders and knees when visiting mosques or conservative communities.